Imikhiqizo eqediwe ye-PVC isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwezinzinzisi ze-PVC calcium zinc kudinga izindlela ezihlukene kuye ngokusebenza kwazo. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-static kanye ne-dynamic. Indlela emile ihlanganisa indlela yephepha lokuhlola elibomvu laseCongo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ovini yokuguga, kanye nendlela yamandla e-electromotive, kuyilapho indlela eguquguqukayo ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-torque rheometer kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-double roll enamandla.
1. Indlela Yephepha Lokuhlola Elibomvu laseCongo
Ukusebenzisa ukugeza kwamafutha nge-glycerol eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-PVC okufanele ihlolwe ixubene ngokulinganayo ne-stabilizer yokushisa futhi ifakwe ku-tube encane yokuhlola. Impahla inyakaziswa kancane ukuze iqine, bese ifakwa endaweni yokugeza yamafutha. Izinga lokushisa le-glycerol kubhavu kawoyela we-PVC calcium zinc stabilizer lisethwe kusengaphambili ukuze libe ngu-170 ℃, ukuze indawo engaphezulu yezinto ze-PVC eshubhu elincane lokuhlola lilingane nendawo engaphezulu ye-glycerol. Ngaphezulu kweshubhu elincane lokuhlola, kufakwa ipulaki elineshubhu lengilazi elincanyana, futhi ishubhu lengilazi libonakala obala ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Iphepha lokuhlola elibomvu lase-Congo liyagoqwa futhi lifakwe ngaphansi kweshubhu lengilazi, ukuze unqenqema olungezansi lwephepha lokuhlola elibomvu lase-Congo libe cishe ngamasentimitha onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lwempahla ye-PVC. Ngemva kokuqala kokuhlola, qopha isikhathi kusukela lapho umugqa wokuhlola obomvu wase-Congo ufakwa eshubhuni yokuhlola ukuya lapho uba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyisikhathi sokuzinza kwe-thermal. Ithiyori eyisisekelo yalokhu kuhlolwa ukuthi i-PVC izobola ngokushesha ekushiseni okungaba ngu-170 ℃, kodwa ngenxa yokwengezwa kwesibambisi sokushisa, ukubola kwayo kuyavinjelwa. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, i-heat stabilizer izosetshenziswa. Uma ukusetshenziswa sekuqediwe, i-PVC izobola ngokushesha futhi ikhulule igesi ye-HCl. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Reagent ebomvu yase-Congo kushubhu yokuhlola izoshintsha umbala ngenxa yokusabela kwayo kalula nge-HCl. Rekhoda isikhathi ngalesi sikhathi futhi wahlulele ukusebenza kwe-stabilizer yokushisa ngokusekelwe kubude besikhathi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ovini eqinile
Lungiselela amasampuli axutshwe ngesivinini esiphezulu wempushana ye-PVC nezinye izinsiza zokucubungula (njengamafutha, izilungisi zomthelela, izigcwalisi, njll.) ngaphezu kweziqinisi ze-PVC calcium zinc. Thatha inani elithile lesampula elingenhla, engeza izinzinzisi zokushisa ezihlukene ku-PVC calcium zinc stabilizer ngesilinganiso esithile, uhlanganise kahle, bese wengeza enhlanganisela yezinti ezimbili.
Ukulungiswa kwezingcezu zokuhlola ku-mixer ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphandle kokwengeza ama-plasticizers. Izinga lokushisa eliphindwe kabili libekwe ku-160-180 ℃, futhi lapho wengeza ama-plasticizers, izinga lokushisa lomqulu ngokuvamile liba ngu-140 ℃. Ngokucindezela ngokuphindaphindiwe ngezinti ezimbili, kutholwa isampula ye-PVC efanayo, elandelwa ukusika ukuze kutholwe amasampula e-PVC osayizi othile aqukethe iziqinisi ezihlukene zokushisa. Beka izingcezu zokuhlola ezihlukene ze-PVC kudivayisi engashintshi bese uzibeka kuhhavini engashintshi (imvamisa engu-180 ℃). Qopha ukushintsha kombala wezingcezu zokuhlola njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10 noma eyi-15 zize zibe mnyama.
Ngokuhlolwa kokuguga kwehhavini, ukusebenza kahle kwezinzisi zokushisa ku-PVC ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunganqunywa, ikakhulukazi amandla azo okucindezela izinguquko zombala. Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi uma i-PVC ishiswa, umbala uzobhekana nochungechunge lwezinguquko ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye komnyama, okuhlanganisa nomhlophe ophuzi onsundu omnyama. Isimo sokuwohloka singanqunywa umbala we-PVC phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.
3. Indlela engaba namandla kagesi (indlela yokuqhuba)
Idivayisi yokuhlola ikakhulukazi iqukethe izingxenye ezine. Uhlangothi olungakwesokudla idivayisi yegesi engasebenzi, ngokuvamile esebenzisa i-nitrogen, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi nomoya. Umehluko wukuthi uma usebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen, i-PVC calcium zinc stabilizer ingagwema ukuwohloka kwamaketanga omama we-PVC okubangelwa i-oxidation ye-oxygen emoyeni. Isisetshenziswa sokuhlola sokushisisa ngokuvamile siwukugeza uwoyela cishe ku-180 ℃. Ingxube ye-PVC kanye nezinzisi zokushisa ifakwa ngaphakathi kokugeza kwamafutha. Uma igesi ye-HCl ikhiqizwa, izofaka isisombululo se-NaOH ngakwesokunxele kanye negesi engasebenzi. I-NaOH imunca ngokushesha i-HCl, ibangele ukuthi inani le-pH lesixazululo lishintshe. Ngokurekhoda izinguquko zemitha ye-pH ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umthelela wezinzisi zokushisa ezihlukene unganqunywa. Emiphumeleni yokuhlola, ijika le-pH t elitholwe ngokucubungula lihlukaniswa libe yinkathi yokungeniswa kanye nesikhathi sokukhula, futhi ubude besikhathi sokungeniswa buyahlukahluka ngokusebenza kwesizinzisi sokushisa.
4. I-Torque rheometer
I-torque rheometer iyithuluzi elincane elivamile elilingisa ukucubungula kwangempela kwe-PVC. Kukhona ibhokisi lokucubungula elivaliwe ngaphandle kwethuluzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lebhokisi lokucubungula kanye nesivinini samarola amabili angaphakathi angalawulwa ngekhompyutha exhunywe entweni. Isisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo esingezwe ku-torque rheometer ngokuvamile singama-60-80 g, ahluka ngokuya ngamamodeli ahlukene wezinsimbi. Izinyathelo zokuhlola zimi kanje: lungiselela i-masterbatch equkethe izinzinzisi zokushisa ezihlukene kusengaphambili, futhi ifomula ye-masterbatch eyisisekelo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa i-ACR ngaphezu kwe-PVC CPE, CaCO3, TiO, Izinto zokuthambisa, njll. I-torque rheometer isethwe ezingeni lokushisa kusengaphambili. Uma ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elicacisiwe futhi ijubane lizinzile, ingxube enesisindo yengezwa ebhokisini lokucubungula, ivalwe ngokushesha, futhi imingcele ehlukahlukene kukhompyutha exhunyiwe irekhodwa, okuyijika le-rheological. Ngemuva kokucubungula, izici ezihlukene zokubukeka kwezinto ezikhishweyo nazo zingatholakala, njengobumhlophe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakhiwa, ubushelelezi, njll. Ngokusebenzisa le mingcele, amandla embonini ye-stabilizer yokushisa ehambisanayo anganqunywa. I-stabilizer yokushisa efanelekile kufanele ibe ne-torque efanele kanye nesikhathi se-plasticization, futhi umkhiqizo kufanele wakheke kahle ngobumhlophe obuphezulu kanye nobuso obushelelezi. I-torque rheometer yakhe ibhuloho elilula phakathi kocwaningo lwaselabhorethri kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-double roll enamandla
Njengohlobo lwendlela eyisizayo yokulinganisa ngokuguquguqukayo umphumela wezinzisi zokushisa, ama-double roller ashukumisayo asetshenziswa uma ingekho i-rheometer, futhi ithuluzi lokucindezela ithebhulethi eliphindwe kabili liyakhethwa ekuhlolweni. Engeza i-powder exutshwe ngesivinini esikhulu kuyo bese uyicindezela ibe yisimo. Khipha ngokuphindaphindiwe isampula etholiwe. Kuze kube ucezu lokuhlola luba mnyama, qopha isikhathi esithathayo ukuze lube mnyama ngokuphelele, okubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokumnyama. Ukunquma umthelela wokuzinza okushisayo wezinzinzisi zokushisa ezihlukene ku-PVC ngokuqhathanisa ubude besikhathi sokuba mnyama.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2024
