Imikhiqizo eqediwe ye-PVC isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwezithambisi ze-PVC ze-calcium zinc kudinga izindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokusebenza kwazo. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ezimile nezishintshayo. Indlela emile ifaka indlela yephepha lokuhlola elibomvu laseCongo, ukuhlolwa kwe-oven okuguga, kanye nendlela yamandla kagesi, kuyilapho indlela eguquguqukayo ifaka ukuhlolwa kwe-torque rheometer kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-dynamic double roll.
1. Indlela Yephepha Lokuhlola Elibomvu laseCongo
Kusetshenziswa i-oyela bath ene-glycerol eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-PVC ezohlolwa ixutshwa ngokulinganayo ne-heat stabilizer bese ifakwa epayipini elincane lokuhlola. Izinto ziyanyakaziswa kancane ukuze ziqine, bese zifakwa epayipini lamafutha. Izinga lokushisa le-glycerol epayipini lamafutha le-PVC calcium zinc stabilizer libekwa kusengaphambili cishe ku-170 ℃, ukuze indawo engaphezulu yezinto ze-PVC epayipini elincane lokuhlola ilingane nendawo engaphezulu ye-glycerol. Ngaphezulu kwepayipi elincane lokuhlola, kufakwa ipulaki enepayipi elincane lengilazi, bese ipayipi lengilazi libonakala kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Iphepha lokuhlola elibomvu laseCongo liyagoqwa bese lifakwa ngaphansi kwepayipi lengilazi, ukuze umkhawulo ongezansi wephepha lokuhlola elibomvu laseCongo ube cishe ngamasentimitha ukusuka emphethweni ongaphezulu wezinto ze-PVC. Ngemva kokuqala kokuhlola, bhala phansi isikhathi kusukela lapho umugqa wokuhlola obomvu waseCongo ubekwa khona epayipini lokuhlola kuya lapho uphenduka khona okwesibhakabhaka, okuyisikhathi sokuqina kokushisa. Inkolelo-mbono eyisisekelo yalolu vivinyo ukuthi i-PVC izobola ngokushesha ekushiseni okungaba ngu-170 ℃, kodwa ngenxa yokwengezwa kwesiqinisi sokushisa, ukubola kwayo kuyavinjelwa. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, isiqinisi sokushisa sizosetshenziswa. Uma ukusetshenziswa sekuqediwe, i-PVC izobola ngokushesha futhi ikhiphe igesi ye-HCl. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-reagent ebomvu ye-Congo eshubhu lokuhlola izoshintsha umbala ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okulula ne-HCl. Qopha isikhathi ngalesi sikhathi bese wahlulela ukusebenza kwesiqinisi sokushisa ngokusekelwe kubude besikhathi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwehhavini eliqinile
Lungisa amasampula axubile ngesivinini esikhulu e-PVC powder nezinye izinsiza zokucubungula (njengezinto zokugcoba, izilungisi zomthelela, izigcwalisi, njll.) ngaphezu kweziqinisi ze-PVC calcium zinc. Thatha inani elithile lesampula engenhla, engeza iziqinisi zokushisa ezahlukene ku-PVC calcium zinc stabilizer ngesilinganiso esithile, uhlanganise kahle, bese ufaka engxubeni yezinti ezimbili.
Ukulungiswa kwezingcezu zokuhlola ku-mixer ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphandle kokufaka ama-plasticizer. Izinga lokushisa eliphindwe kabili libekwa ku-160-180 ℃, futhi uma ufaka ama-plasticizer, izinga lokushisa le-roll ngokuvamile liba ngu-140 ℃. Ngokucindezela ngokuphindaphindiwe ngezinti ezimbili, kutholakala isampula ye-PVC efanayo, kulandelwe ukusika ukuze kutholakale amasampula e-PVC osayizi othile aqukethe iziqinisi zokushisa ezahlukene. Beka izingcezu zokuhlola ze-PVC ezahlukene kudivayisi ezinzile bese uzibeka kuhhavini oshisayo ongaguquki (ngokuvamile ongu-180 ℃). Qopha ukushintsha kombala kwezingcezu zokuhlola njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10 noma imizuzu eyi-15 kuze kube yilapho ziba mnyama.
Ngokuhlolwa kokuguga kwehhavini, ukusebenza kahle kweziqinisi zokushisa ekuzinzeni kokushisa kwe-PVC kungatholakala, ikakhulukazi ikhono lazo lokucindezela izinguquko zombala. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi uma i-PVC ishiswa, umbala uzodlula ochungechungeni lwezinguquko kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya ebumnyameni, kufaka phakathi okumhlophe okuphuzi okunsundu okumnyama. Isimo sokuwohloka singanqunywa umbala we-PVC esikhathini esithile.
3. Indlela yamandla kagesi (indlela yokuqhuba)
Idivayisi yokuhlola ikakhulukazi inezingxenye ezine. Uhlangothi lwesokudla luyidivayisi yegesi engasebenzi, ngokuvamile esebenzisa i-nitrogen, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi nomoya. Umehluko uwukuthi uma kusetshenziswa ukuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen, i-PVC calcium zinc stabilizer ingagwema ukuwohloka kwamaketanga kamama e-PVC okubangelwa ukuwohloka komoya-mpilo emoyeni. Idivayisi yokushisa yokuhlola ngokuvamile iyibhavu lamafutha cishe ku-180 ℃. Ingxube ye-PVC kanye neziqinisi zokushisa ifakwa ngaphakathi kwebhavu lamafutha. Lapho kukhiqizwa igesi ye-HCl, izongena kwisisombululo se-NaOH ohlangothini lwesobunxele kanye negesi engasebenzi. I-NaOH imunca ngokushesha i-HCl, okwenza inani le-pH lesisombululo lishintshe. Ngokuqopha izinguquko zemitha ye-pH ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umphumela weziqinisi zokushisa ezahlukene unganqunywa. Emiphumeleni yokuhlola, ijika le-pH t elitholwe ngokucubungula lihlukaniswe isikhathi sokungeniswa kanye nesikhathi sokukhula, futhi ubude besikhathi sokungeniswa buyahlukahluka ngokusebenza kahle kwesiqinisi sokushisa.
4. I-torque rheometer
I-torque rheometer iyithuluzi elincane elijwayelekile elilinganisa ukucutshungulwa kwangempela kwe-PVC. Kukhona ibhokisi lokucubungula elivaliwe ngaphandle kwethuluzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lebhokisi lokucubungula kanye nesivinini sama-roller amabili angaphakathi kungalawulwa ngekhompyutha exhunywe kuthuluzi. Isisindo sezinto ezifakwe ku-torque rheometer ngokuvamile singama-60-80 g, esihlukahluka ngokuya ngamamodeli ahlukene ethuluzi. Izinyathelo zokuhlola zimi kanje: lungiselela i-masterbatch equkethe iziqinisi zokushisa ezahlukene kusengaphambili, futhi ifomula eyisisekelo ye-masterbatch ngokuvamile ifaka i-ACR ngaphezu kwe-PVC CPE、CaCO3、TiO、 Lubricants, njll. I-torque rheometer isethwe ekushiseni kusengaphambili. Uma ifika ekushiseni okucacisiwe futhi ijubane lizinzile, ingxube elinganisiwe ingezwa ebhokisini lokucubungula, ivalwe ngokushesha, futhi amapharamitha ahlukahlukene kukhompyutha exhunyiwe ayaqoshwa, okuyi-rheological curve. Ngemuva kokucubungula, izici zokubukeka ezahlukene zezinto ezikhishwe zingatholakala, njengobumhlophe, ukuthi ngabe kwakhiwa, ukushelela, njll. Ngokusebenzisa la mapharamitha, amandla ezimboni esiqinisi sokushisa esihambisanayo anganqunywa. Isiqinisi sokushisa esifanele kufanele sibe nesikhathi esifanele se-torque kanye ne-plasticization, futhi umkhiqizo kufanele wakhiwe kahle ngomhlophe ophezulu kanye nobuso obubushelelezi. I-torque rheometer yakhe ibhuloho elilula phakathi kocwaningo lwelabhorethri kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezimboni.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dynamic double roll
Njengohlobo lwendlela yokusiza yokulinganisa ngokuguquguqukayo umphumela weziqinisi zokushisa, kusetshenziswa ama-roller aphindwe kabili aguquguqukayo uma kungekho i-rheometer, futhi kukhethwa ithuluzi lokucindezela ithebhulethi eliphindwe kabili ekuhlolweni. Faka i-powder exubile esheshayo kuyo bese uyicindezela ibe yisimo. Khipha isampula etholakele ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kuze kube yilapho ingxenye yokuhlola iphenduka ibe mnyama, bhala phansi isikhathi esithathayo ukuze iphenduke ibe mnyama ngokuphelele, okubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuba mnyama. Ukuze uthole umphumela wokuzinza kokushisa kwama-heat stabilizer ahlukene ku-PVC ngokuqhathanisa isikhathi sokuba mnyama.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-20-2024
