1. Inombolo ye-viscosity
Inombolo ye-viscosity ibonisa isisindo sama-molecule esimaphakathi se-resin futhi iyisici esiyinhloko sokunquma uhlobo lwe-resin. Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-resin kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-viscosity ingakanani. Njengoba izinga le-polymerization ye-resin ye-PVC landa, izakhiwo zemishini ezifana namandla okudonsa, amandla okushaya, amandla okuphuka, kanye nokwelulwa lapho kuphuka kuyanda, kuyilapho amandla okukhiqiza ehla. Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi njengoba izinga le-polymerization yokucubungula i-PVC lisiza landa, izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-resin ziyathuthuka, kuyilapho ukusebenza kokucubungula kanye nokuziphatha kwe-rheological kuyawohloka. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule se-resin ye-PVC kunobuhlobo obuseduze nokucubungula ipulasitiki kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
2. Inani lezinhlayiya zokungcola (amachashazi amnyama naphuzi)
Izinhlayiya zokungcola zingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola i-resin ye-PVC. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta lesi sibonakaliso yilezi: okokuqala, izinto ezisele odongeni lokumboza i-kettle ye-polymerization azihlanzwa kahle futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa zingcoliswe ukungcola; okwesibili, ukuguguleka komshini okuxutshwe nokungcola kanye nokusebenza okungafanele okuletha ukungcola; Enkambisweni yokucubungula ipulasitiki, uma kunezinhlayiya eziningi zokungcola, kuzoba nemiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC ekhiqizwayo. Isibonelo, ekucutshungulweni nasekubunjweni kwamaphrofayili, kunezinhlayiya eziningi zokungcola, okungabangela ukuthi kuvele amabala ebusweni bephrofayili, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umphumela wokubukeka komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungafakwa kwepulasitiki kwezinhlayiya zokungcola noma amandla aphansi naphezu kokufakwa kwepulasitiki, izakhiwo zemishini zomkhiqizo ziyancishiswa.
3. Ukushibilika (kufaka phakathi amanzi)
Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukwehla kwesisindo se-resin ngemva kokushiswa ekushiseni okuthile. Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo kungakhiqiza kalula ugesi ongaguquki, okungafaneleki ekusebenzeni kokudla ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokubumba; Uma okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo kuphakeme kakhulu, i-resin ithambekele ekuqhekekeni nasekugelezeni okubi, futhi amabhamuza akhiqizwa kalula ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokubumba, okunomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
4. Ubuningi obubonakalayo
Ubuningi obubonakalayo buyisisindo ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-PVC resin powder engacindezelwanga ngokuphelele. Kuhlobene nokwakheka kwezinhlayiya, usayizi wezinhlayiya omaphakathi, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kobukhulu bezinhlayiya ze-resin. Ubuningi obumaphakathi obubonakalayo, ubuningi obukhulu, ukumuncwa okusheshayo kwama-plasticizer, kanye nokucutshungulwa okulula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubuningi bezinhlayiya obumaphakathi obuphezulu kanye nobuningi obuncane kuholela ekumuncweni kwe-PVC kusiza ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo eqinile, isidingo sesisindo sama-molecule asiphezulu, futhi ama-plasticizer ngokuvamile awafakwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ngakho-ke, ubuningi bezinhlayiya ze-resin buyadingeka ukuthi bube phansi, kodwa kunesidingo sokugeleza okomile kwe-resin, ngakho-ke ubuningi obumaphakathi be-resin buphakeme ngokufanayo.
5. Ukumuncwa kwe-resin nge-plasticizer
Inani lokumuncwa kwezinsiza zokucubungula ze-PVC libonisa izinga lemihubhe ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-resin, ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokumuncwa kwamafutha kanye nemihubhe emikhulu. I-resin imunca ama-plasticizer ngokushesha futhi isebenza kahle ekucubunguleni. Ngokubumba i-extrusion (njengephrofayili), yize isidingo semihubhe ye-resin singephezulu kakhulu, imihubhe ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya inomphumela omuhle wokumuncwa ekufakweni kwezithasiselo ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kwezithasiselo.
6. Ubumhlophe
Ubumhlophe bubonisa ukubukeka nombala we-resin, kanye nokuwohloka okubangelwa ukuzinza okushisa okungekuhle noma isikhathi eside sokugcina, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kobumhlophe. Izinga lobumhlophe linomthelela omkhulu ekumelaneni nokuguga kwezihlahla nemikhiqizo.
7. Okuqukethwe kwe-vinyl chloride okusele
I-VCM residue ibhekisela engxenyeni ye-resin engakangenwa noma incibilikiswe ku-polyethylene monomer, futhi amandla ayo okumunca ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-resin. Ezicini zangempela ze-VCM residue, izici eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa eliphansi eliphezulu lombhoshongo wokuhlubula, umehluko omkhulu wokucindezela embhoshongweni, kanye nesimo sezinhlayiya ze-resin esibi, konke okungathinta ukumunca kwe-VCM residue, okuyisibonakaliso sokulinganisa izinga lokuhlanzeka kwama-resin. Emikhiqizweni ekhethekile, njengezikhwama zokupakisha zefilimu ezicacile ze-tin foil zemithi yezokwelapha, okuqukethwe kwe-VCM okusele kwe-resin akufiki ezingeni elijwayelekile (ngaphansi kuka-5PPM).
8. Ukuqina kokushisa
Uma okuqukethwe kwamanzi ku-monomer kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzokhiqiza i-acidity, kugqwale imishini, kwakheke uhlelo lwe-polymerization yensimbi, futhi ekugcineni kuthinte ukuzinza kokushisa komkhiqizo. Uma i-hydrogen chloride noma i-chlorine yamahhala ikhona ku-monomer, izoba nemiphumela emibi ekusabeleni kwe-polymerization. I-hydrogen chloride ivame ukwakheka emanzini, okunciphisa inani le-pH lohlelo lwe-polymerization futhi kuthinte ukuzinza kohlelo lwe-polymerization. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-acetylene ku-monomer yomkhiqizo kuthinta ukuzinza kokushisa kwe-PVC ngaphansi komphumela we-synergistic we-acetaldehyde ne-iron, okuthinta ukusebenza kokucubungula komkhiqizo.
9. Isihlungo sezinsalela
Insalela yesihlungo ibonisa izinga lobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezingalingani ze-resin, futhi izici zayo eziyinhloko ezithonyayo inani le-dispersant kufomula ye-polymerization kanye nomphumela wokuxuba. Uma izinhlayiya ze-resin ziqinile kakhulu noma zincane kakhulu, zizothinta izinga le-resin futhi zibe nomthelela ekucutshungulweni okulandelayo komkhiqizo.
10. “Iso Lenhlanzi”
I-“Fish eye”, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crystal point, ibhekisela ezinhlayiyeni ze-resin ezisobala ezingafakwanga ipulasitiki ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokucubungula i-thermoplastic. Umthelela ekukhiqizweni kwangempela. Isici esiyinhloko se-“fish eye” ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwezinto ezibilayo kakhulu ku-monomer kuphezulu, kuncibilikisa i-polymer ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza i-polymer, kunciphise ama-porosity, kwenze izinhlayiya zibe nzima, futhi kube “i-fish eye” yesikhashana ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-plasticization. I-initiator isatshalaliswa ngokungalingani emaconsini kawoyela we-monomer. Ohlelweni lwe-polymerization olunokudluliselwa kokushisa okungalingani, ukwakheka kwe-resin enesisindo sama-molecule esingalingani, noma ukungcola kwe-reactor ngesikhathi sokudla, i-resin esele, noma ukunamathela ngokweqile kwezinto ze-reactor konke kungabangela “i-fisheye”. Ukwakheka “kwamehlo enhlanzi” kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-PVC, futhi ekucutshungulweni okulandelayo, kuzothinta ubuhle bomphezulu wemikhiqizo. Kuzophinde kunciphise kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini ezifana namandla okudonsa kanye nokwelulwa kwemikhiqizo, okungaholela kalula ekubhobokeni kwamafilimu noma amashidi epulasitiki, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yekhebula, okuzothinta izakhiwo zazo zokufaka ugesi. Kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-resin kanye nokucubungula ipulasitiki.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-12-2024
